= Having thought about the exam, Shurik began to study more. = Having written the letter, Igor took it to the post office. The subject of the perfective gerund and the main verb of the sentence are always the same. Perfective gerunds, or past gerunds, describe a completed action which has preceded the action of the main verb in the sentence. Perfective gerunds What are perfective gerunds That is all fine and correct grammatically.īeyond that, in colloquial speech, especially in fairy tales, such endings are sometimes used to add a sweetness to the language: The imperfective gerund of the verb быть is будучи. Irregular imperfective gerunds ending in -учи or -ючи If the stem ends in -ж, -ч, -ш, -щ, add the ending -a instead.

To form the imperfective gerund, add the ending -я to the stem of the third person plural (они) present tense form of the verb. = Reading the book Dasha thought about her friends. = Walking in the forest I saw many animals. = Thinking about the exam, Shurik began to study more. The subject of the imperfective gerund is always the same as the subject of the main verb of the sentence.

Imperfective gerunds, or present gerunds, describe a process of incomplete action, implying a simultaneity of action with the other action in the sentence. There are two types of gerund: imperfective gerunds which describe a process – “while doing ” perfective gerunds which describe the result of a completed action “having done.” Imperfective gerunds What are imperfective gerunds

You’ll come across gerunds more commonly in written text, but there are also many common gerunds you’re probably already using in speech. The gerund, also known as the adverbial participle, is a verb form that behaves like an adverb (indeclinable), expressing an additional action taking place alongside the main action of the sentence. That includes imperfective and perfective gerunds. We explain how to use, form, and decline gerunds, aka adverbial participles, in Russian.

What is a gerund